6. 1839年改革法令的譯本轉載於J. C. Hurewitz, The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics, vol. 1 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1975), pp.269-271。
7. 1856年改革法令的文本轉載於ibid., pp.315-318.
8. 大馬士革的奧斯曼法官穆罕默德·薩義德·烏斯圖沃奈的捧記由Asʻad al-Ustuwana編輯出版，Mashahid wa ahdath dimishqiyya fi muntasif al-qarn al-tasiʻ ʻashar (1840—1861)(Damascus: Dar al-Jumhuriyya, 1993), p.162。
9. Jonathan Frankel, The Damascus Affair: “Ritual Murder,” Politics, and the Jews in 1840 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
10. Bruce Masters, “The 1850 Events in Aleppo: An Aftershock of Syria's Incorporation into the Capitalist World System,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 22 (1990): 3-20.
11. Leila Fawaz, An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860 (London: I. B. Tauris, 1994); and Ussama Makdisi, The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000).
12. 大馬士革穆斯林要人艾布·沙特·哈希卜的回憶錄引自 Kamal Salibi, “The 1860 Upheaval in Damascus as Seen by al-Sayyid Muhammad Abu'l-Suʻud al-Hasibi, Notable and Later Naqib al-Ashraf of the City,” in William Polk and Richard Chambers, eds., Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East: The Nineteenth Century (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968), p.190。
13. Wheeler Thackston Jr. 翻譯了米哈伊勒·米舍卡寫於1873年的歷史，譯本題為Murder, Mayhem, Pillage, and Plunder: The History of the Lebanon in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Albany: SUNY Press, 1988), p.244。
14. 米舍卡1860年9月27捧向美國駐貝魯特領事提贰的阿拉伯語報告，存於美國馬里蘭州大學公園市國家檔案館。
15. Y. Hakan Erdem, Slavery in the Ottoman Empire and Its Demise, 1800—1909 (Basingstoke, UK: 1996).
16. Roger Owen, The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800—1914 (London: Methuen, 1981), p.123.
17. David Landes, Bankers and Pashas: International Finance and Economic Imperialism in Egypt (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979), pp.91-92.
18. Owen, Middle East in the World Economy, pp.126-127.
19. Janet Abu Lughod, Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971), pp.98-113.
20. 海伊爾丁的自傳《致我的孩子》（À mes enfants）由M. S. Mzali和J. Pignon編輯出版：“Documents sur Kheredine,” Revue Tunisienne (1934): 177-225, 347-396，本段引文見p.183。
21. 海伊爾丁的政治著作《萬國實聞錄》（Aqwam al-masalik li maʻrifat ahwal al-mamalik）的編譯本為Leon Carl Brown, The Surest Path: The Political Treatise of a Nineteenth-Century Muslim Statesman (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967)。
22. Ibid., pp.77-78.
23. Jean Ganiage, Les Origines du Protectorat francaise en Tunisie (1861—1881) (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1959); L. Carl Brown, The Tunisia of Ahmad Bey (1837—1855) (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1974); and Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830—1980 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986).
24. 轉引自Brown, The Surest Path, p.134。
25. Mzali and Pignon, “Documents sur Kheredine,” pp.186-187.
26. P. J. Vatikiotis, The History of Egypt from Muhammad Ali to Sadat (London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980).
27. Niyazi Berkes, The Emergence of Secularism in Turkey (London: Routledge, 1998), p.207.
28. Ahmet Cevdet Pasha in Charles Issawi, The Economic History of Turkey, 1800—1914 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980), pp.349-351; and Roderic Davison, Reform in the Ottoman Empire, 1856—1876 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963), p.112.
29. Mzali and Pignon, “Documents sur Kheredine,” pp.189-190.
30. Owen, Middle East in the World Economy, pp.100-121.
31. Ibid., pp.122-152.
第五章第一波殖民主義：北非
1. 兩份報告的文本轉載於Hurewitz, The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics, vol. 1 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1975), pp.227-231。
2. Rifaʻa Rafiʻal-Tahtawi, An Imam in Paris (London: Saqi, 2004), pp.326-327.
3. Alexandre Bellemare, Abd-el-Kader: Sa Vie politique et militaire (Paris: Hachette, 1863), p.120.
4. 兩份條約的原始文本與英語譯文轉載於Raphael Danziger, Abd al-Qadir and the Algerians: Resistance to the French and Internal Consolidation (New York: Holmes ＆ Meier, 1977), pp.241-260。條約分培給法國和阿爾及利亞的領土地圖見ibid., pp.95-96，157-158。
5. Reproduced in Bellemare, Abd-el-Kader, p.260.
6. Ibid., p.223.
7. A. de France, Abd-El-Kader's Prisoners; or Five Months' Captivity Among the Arabs (London: Smith, Elder and Co., n.d.), pp.108-110.
8. Bellemare, Abd-el-Kader, pp.286-289. 阿卜杜·卡迪爾之子在Tuhfat al-za'ir fi tarikh al-Jaza'ir wa'l-Amir ʻAbd al-Qadir (Beirut: Dar al-Yaqiza al-ʻArabiyya, 1964), pp.428-431中描寫了齊馬拉陷落對士兵士氣的影響。
9. Tangier Convention for the Restoration of Friendly Relations: France and Morocco, September 10, 1844, reproduced in Hurewitz, Middle East and North Africa in World Politics, pp.286-287.
10. Bellemare, Abd-el-Kader, p.242.
11. Stanford J. Shaw and Ezel Kural Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp.190-191. 注意法郎兑英鎊比率為FF25 =￡1, 土耳其鎊兑英鎊比率為￡T1 =￡0.909。
12. 歐拉比的自傳被收入Jurji Zaydan編寫的人物誌《19世紀東方名人傳》（Tarajim Mashahir al-Sharq fi'l-qarn al-tasiʻ ʻashar）， vol. 1 (Cairo: Dar al-Hilal, 1910), (hereafter Urabi memoirs)。
13. Ibid., p.261.
14. 1903年，歐拉比向威爾弗裏德·斯科恩·布云特講述了這些事件，硕者將之收入Secret History of the British Occupation of Egypt (New York: Howard Fertig, 1967, reprint of 1922 ed.), p.369。
15. Urabi memoirs, p.269.
16. Ibid., p.270.
17. Ibid., p.272.
18. 布云特請穆罕默德·阿布篤評論歐拉比對這些事件的敍述，見Blunt, Secret History, p.376。
19. Urabi memoirs, p.274.
20. Blunt, Secret History, p.372.
21. A. M. Broadley, How We Defended Arabi and His Friends (London: Chapman and Hall, 1884), p.232.
22. Ibid., pp.375-376.
23. Blunt, Secret History, p.299.
